Friday, March 6, 2009

Iso E Super, its merits, its faults, Geza Schoen and Jean Claude Ellena

The chemistry of fragrances seems like an arcane side-path in the vast avenue of pretty smells. Those who venture there are either chemists, eternal students or people reading perfume boards. On those last ones, Iso E Super is nom du jour due to recent rumours of restricting its use to specific ratios in products (and they're many!) and due to its increasing popularity, some of it attached to the work of master perfumer Jean Claude Ellena who has experimented with its magic properties many a time in the past to glorious effect: Terre d'Hermès, Poivre Samarkande and Déclaration are utilizing lots of it, exploring minimalism: the play of scents note-for-note with no sentimentality attached. Even an entire composition, Molecule 01 by perfumer Geza Schöen of niche brand Escentric Molecules (his Escentric 01 also features it in high ratios along with pink pepper, lime peel, orris and incense) is composed of nothing else but it, diluted in solvent, because the perfumer loved it so! I am hereby reminding you that he is the perfumer who created HSIDEWS for artist Sissel Tolaas and he has collaborated with the London-based niche brand Ormonde Jayne. The theory behind Molecule 01 and IsoE Super was that it would create an appealing effect to those smelling it on the wearer without it being perceived as a "perfume"; the ultimate skin-scent, much like natural ambergris to which it mimics certain aspects would act. Another scent which officially contains it is Maitresse by Agent Provocateur, while the masculine fragrance Fahrenheit by Dior (1988) iincludes a 25% Iso E Super in the compound. In the legendary woody oriental Féminité du Bois by Shiseido, under the maestro Serge Lutens's direction, the material serves as an harmoniser between the plummy effect of the fruits with the violet ionones and the cedarwood bottom notes. Iso E Super is used in so many fragrances today that it would be hard to compile an actual list that would not bore everyone silly! But what the hell is Iso E Super?, you might ask. Let's take matters at the top.

Iso E Super® is the trademark name of aromachemical 7-acetyl, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,1,6,7-tetramethyl naphthalene and I guess it's pretty obvious why it's called that instead of its long organic chemistry name. According to International Fragrances and Flavors Iso E Super is
"Smooth, woody, amber with unique aspects giving a ''velvet'' like sensation. Used to impart fullness and subtle strength to fragrances. Superb floralizer found in the majority of newer fine fragrances and also useful in soaps. Richer in the desirable gamma isomer than isocyclemone e".
Arborone is the odor active enantiomer of Iso E Super, with its clean woody and pleasing aroma.[1] The uses of Iso-E Super are legion: from bleach and deo sticks to soaps, shampoos, laundry detergents and fine fragrance. Given that its colour is almost transparent to very light yellow it poses no problems in being incorporated in formulae and is also used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Despite the IFF being the company to trademark it, Chinese companies such as Zhejiang Winsun Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd. do provide it at a concentration of 90% for various uses. Home-made mixes would suggest one part Iso-E Super to 9 parts base, such as dipropylene glycol/perfumer's alcohol (therefore a 10% concentration). Although neat use on skin isn't recommended, minor "accidents" of spillage have not produced anything sinister. Taking in mind that it is quite inexpensive, it is perhaps of interest for apprentices and amateurs alike to experiment themselves at high dilution.

Smelling it in itself one is surprised by how almost non-existent a smell Iso-E Super has; not something one would describe as a smell in so many words, it's unapologetically synthetic and perhaps vaguely cedar-like, slightly sweet. It seems to vanish very quickly and resurface on skin in intervals from time to time very discreetly: The heat of the skin is intergral to its volatilising properly and it seems that any test on paper would not give an accurate perception of its true nature. It is however quite recognisable once you get to sample it and you will have fun detecting it in many major fragrances on the market todat. This subtle "skin-scent" effect is what in perfume-lingo is used to evoke that a fragrance stays close to the skin, not projecting in a wide radius; but also that it has some skin compatibility effect that makes it smell not like a usual perfume. Therefore IsoE Super soon gained the reputation of it acting like a pheromone, that invisible aroma that is supposed to attract same species potential sexual partners and ensures recognition of compatibility between mates. Plainly explained, pheromones act to the vomero nasal organ ensuring that pigs mate with pigs and not rhinoceruses for instance! Much as the matter is exciting and intriguing hower, the scientific community has not been able to conclusively establish validity in the theory of pheromones working in humans so far, although popular mythology is rampant with examples of products aimed to achieve this magical attraction (such as Androstenol, Androstadienone, and Androsterone). In an interview given by perfumer Geza Schöen on the creation of Molecule 01, he intimated:
"When I was introduced to ISO E Super in 1990 I gave it to a friend of mine to wear. We went out to this bar in our hometown and it took only a few minutes until this woman steered straight into our direction to inquire about who smelled so lovely! Since then I knew that this stuff is special indeed. I suggested it to the guy who was in charge of Diesel back then and he said that he felt that this is a bit too much - even for them!" [2]
He's quick to elaborate however that it does not act as a pheromone (that's a misconception if scientifically examined) but that simply it's "not possible not to like it", as no one has ever commented he/she doesn't like its particular smell per se.

Perhaps the most vexing matter to perfume enthusiasts however has been how Iso E Super is one of the 14 chemicals that have been recommended for study by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) with impending restrictions on its use. Ever since as early as 2000 the matter has been in discussion. In a letter by Betty Bridges, RN Fragranced Products Information Network (http://www.fpinva.org/) addressed to Dr. Scott A. Masten, Ph.D. from the Office of Chemical Nomination and Selection, Environmental Toxicology Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in 2002 we read the following:
"International Flavors and Fragrance's suggested use levels of Iso E Super is up to 10% of the fragrance formula and is recommended for use in a variety of products (IFF, 2002). Isocyclemone E's (a material with a different ratio of isomers, same CAS# 54464-57-2) suggested use level is up to 30% and is recommended in a variety of applications.(IFF, 2002) [...] Considering Iso E Super's similar structure to AETT and AHTN, two polycyclic musk compounds with known concerns, it is likely that Iso E Super and other chemically similar materials would also bioaccumulate in human tissue, persist in the environment, and have health concerns. There are concerns related to AHTN causing liver toxicity and discoloration. Galaxolide, another polycyclic musk has similarconcerns, but to a lessor degree (SCCNFP, 2000) Chromogenic properties have been associated with neurotoxicity (Sabri, 2002)"
Before publication of the 43rd amendment issued by IFRA it had been rumoured that Iso E Super should be a restricted raw material. This doesn't mean that it is not to be used any more as novices often assume erronesouly. It simply means that it should be incorporated in a formula below a certain level for it to be commerialised (and of course one could do whatever they pleased if they made a do-it-yourself formula at their own labs/homes!). On the other hand another aroma material, Boisvelone (C16H26O) closely related to Iso E Super (but reportedly a little more elegant; I haven't tried it myself while one source[3] reports it as the exact same thing) has disappeared from commercial use. According to one perfumer currently teaching [4] however, a feminine "alcoholic" product (that means an eau de toilette, eau de parfum or extrait de parfum ~generally any product with an alcohol base) there is a limit of approximately 20% of Iso E Super in the final product. Although it might seem like a lot, if you are composing an Eau de Parfum, which means a 15-20% dilution, you're well within limits still even if the entire fragrance consists of Iso E Super. Luckily for all of us, the latest amendement of IFRA can be downloaded here and it seems to make us sigh a sigh of relief for now: Iso E Super is not yet restricted. ** [Please see addition on the bottom for current info on IFRA approved ratio]

Hot on the heels of the sinister rumours was the prevalent concern of perfume lovers whether the fragrances that feature it (with Jean Claude Ellena's most prominently) would suffer from it. It was only the other day that the matter was brought again to the table on this very venue, while discussing Déclaration by Cartier, one of the most influential of Ellena's fragrances. Since the objective of Perfume Shrine is to be very clear in what is only a hypothesis on our part and what is a matter of fact, we took things in our hands to further investigate and the resulting message is even more assuaging, discouraging you from frantic stocking-up of fragrances which you would fear would be unrecognisably altered. The fragrances by Jean Claude Ellena will not be altered or influenced by any -as yet only suggested for the future- restrictions of Iso-E Super ratio as they are already well below the ratio proposed for the restrictions. The information is official and comes from mr. Jean Claude Ellena himself. I hope this article proves useful to you!

Here is a table of Top Ten Fragrances with Regard to Their Content in Iso E Super
No., Fragrance Name (Company, launch year), Iso E Super
[NB. the percentage is in regards to compound, not diluted ready to use product]

1 Molecule 01 (escentric molecules, 2005) 100%
2 Perles de Lalique (Lalique, 2007) 80%
3 Poivre Samarcande (Herme`s, 2004) 71%
4 Escentric 01 (escentric molecules, 2005) 65%
5 Terre d'Hermes (Hermes, 2006) 55%
6 Incense Kyoto (comme des garcons, 2002) 55%
7 Incense Jaisalmer (comme des garcons, 2002) 51%
8 Fierce for Men (Abercrombie & Fitch, 2002) 48%
9 Kenzo Air (Kenzo, 2003) 48%
10 Encre noire (Lalique, 2006) 45%

Ref for table: Schon G. 2008. 'Escentric' molecules. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 5 (6) :1154-8. In June 2008. Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG,Zurich


EDIT TO ADD/AMEND 2011: At the time of writing this was the correct info. As of 2011 however the IFRA industry regulating body has set a maximum dilution limit of 21.4% in the compound. Jean Claude Ellena's scents and the majority of scents using it are relatively safe, as a mere 1% in the formula in enough to provide the qualities it's famed for, but it is the updated info for anyone caring to use it in their own formulae.


References:
[1]Helvetica Chimica Acta, Volume 82, Issue 7, Date: July 7, 1999, Pages: 1016-1024
[2]I heart Berlin.de
[3]Nextbio.com
[4]J'aime le parfum!

Pics from Iheartberlin.de and Hermes.

34 comments:

  1. Anonymous14:47

    Hello E - I do particularly enjoy your perfume chemistry lessons! You have a gift for them, making the interesting but quite dry subject, absolutely fascinating. And such a cute photo of JCE at the end there to emphasise the good news re his scents in particular. I really enoy Escentric 1 but now I recognise IES I swear I can smell it in a great many perfumes. It can be fun, it can also be intrusive since I feel it is an effect rather than a note if that makes sense. Still, I would rather have it around than not. Happy Weekend! donanicola

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  2. Anonymous15:02

    Phew! Thanks for clarifying that they won't be messing with our beloved Declaration...I was about to run out and buy a vat of it!

    Why does the IFRA insist on limiting every ingredient that gains any popularity? I wonder when we'll start seeing that rumoured citrus restriction. I mean, come one...citrus??? Soon the children of the world won't be able to bring orange juice in the lunches (along with the already dreaded peanut butter sandwiches).

    As much flack as Iso E Super gets, it's a brilliant addition to the world of perfumery, and I adore it (although purchasing a bottle of Escentric Molecules seems a bit ridiculous to me).

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  3. Anonymous16:56

    what a great, informative article. thank you so much!

    cheers~~ dea

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  4. Anonymous17:04

    Dear Elena
    Thank you for this clarifying post that I appreciated a lot. Although I highly respect and value IFRA's and other institutions' efforts to protect consumer's health by investigating and defining use limits: I have my doubts. Serious doubts about the usefulness and appropriateness of certain measures. I think key is the information of the consumer: There, the EU has quite a convincing approach.
    Defining max. use levels of -let's say clementine oil- As everywhere, we must ask the question "who takes advantage"?
    there are a few stakeholders that indeed might find increasing legislation, and restrictions beneficiary. One being the legislator, and the executing bodies for a particular legislation; any other parties I leave up to your imagination.

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  5. Hi, E. Informative, as ever! Thanks for clarifying this issue for us.

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  6. Anonymous20:19

    He, Geza & Iso e.
    Kind regards from Berlin.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Anonymous09:00

    Thank you so much for this deeper insight :)

    So it is pretty much as we speculated in the last comments of the Declaration-post.

    It would be interesting (and possibly somewhat scary) to know what products/fragrances would actually suffer from the restriction!

    ReplyDelete
  8. The link for IFRA is not for the 43 amendment, that was published later in 2008.
    IsoESuper - the commercial product is in fact a mixture of isomers. One of the reason to explain why ISOE from China is not like IsoE from IFF.
    Also, for Geza Schoen, there is an article published last year in Chemistry & Biodiversity -Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2008 - where he explains what exactly Escentric1 is - the mixture of isomers is like a ballet of velvety notes (my description).
    Speaking of ISO E Super, there is also Georgywood. A trace component responsible for a particular note of the commercial product gave birth to a new molecule.
    Maybe the first perfume to have a big amount of ISO E Super was Trésor, also created at IFF.
    Thank you for this comprehensive review!

    ReplyDelete
  9. Thanks Elena for this in depth article. I wonder if like musks you can have anosmia to Iso-E Super?
    Any hints to the new musk you have found?

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  10. N,

    considering I am an autodidact I hope I am making it a little bit easier on everyone who has not formally studied it.
    I like the effect of IES to be honest and it would sadden me to see it heavily restricted.

    ReplyDelete
  11. D,

    it does seem like they're after popular things, right? But that in itself bears inside the explanation: if it concerns very few products and very few consumers, then it's not something to be researched at length and therefore flies under the radar.
    I don't blame them for trying to offer products that are safe. I feel that perhaps the consumer should be left to make an informed choice, however. Then again, there are consumers and there are consumers and sometimes things get oversimplified and misquoted and confusion ensues, so I guess they're thinking "better safe than sorry".

    Citrus....ah! I get so much citrus essence from juicing fresh citruses and making sweets and preserves peeling those fruits, that my hands might fall off one of these days!!! LOL! :P

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  12. Dea,

    glad you enjoyed it and thanks for commenting!

    ReplyDelete
  13. Andy,

    thank you for stopping by in your busy schedule! (warm regards from a very sunny city!)
    You make an excellent point in fact which is left unanswered: when there is some action, someone gets some kind of profit, and it doesn't seem like it is the consumer always...

    Clementile oil is another one of those things: as we have many "stray" clementine (and bergamot and bitter orange and blah blah blah) trees here, even children play with the fruit all the time and get "exposed" to the dangers of the sensitising oils etc. I have never, ever seen any adverse effect. Now if you put oil on skin before going to sunbathe, you're asking for sun spots, but other than that? Not much to concern ourselves with.

    I wonder what the final word on those essence will be, however.

    ReplyDelete
  14. J,

    hope I helped a bit. There's been much discussion over this.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Hi Erik! How are you? :-))

    Yes, Geza is almost identified with IES. And he brought it to OJ too!

    ReplyDelete
  16. M,

    it was your comments which prompted me to research this further and see if I can get an answer that would clarify things and here it is.

    I deduce that lots of functional products would suffer before fine fragrances, as those are used so much more (shampoos, soaps, even toothpaste) and in greater quantities, although I can't be sure which brand uses how much (that's a great idea for another project however).

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  17. O,

    thanks for chimming in with your knowledge! If you have a link to the very latest news on the IFRA measures, please post it for our readers.
    It goes without saying that something produced in China is based on a more economical idea (why else choose to produce it in a cheap labour place?) so it doesn't surprise me.
    I love your description of Escentic and will search for the volume specified; surely Uni will have it.
    Tresor is an interesting case on many levels: it bears analysing a bit ;-)

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  18. J,

    I don't think it's the same. But it's an effect more than something tangible like, say, "lemon" or "rose" or "napthalene". So perhaps that's at the base of it?

    I will mail you shortly! ;-)

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  19. Forgot to mention that I haven't smelled Georgywood...wonder if it can be had easily (or one would need to order a kilo!)

    ReplyDelete
  20. I always love getting more information !

    Thank you for all your research...

    ReplyDelete
  21. Anonymous18:57

    What a fascinating entry, thanks for posting.
    This is a brilliant blog by the way.
    Have put it on my favourites list.

    ReplyDelete
  22. ISO E SUPER.....is a very unique
    perfume,not sure that "Perfume" could be used to describe this peculiar fragrance...

    The whole point about this "Scent" is that you can't smell it!
    The molecule is so large that your sense of smell is blocked, however... when other people encounter you they can readily smell it (strongly) for a short time as well,
    until the same peculiar thing happens to them - it's amazing and bizarre.
    You may think its gone ...and consider applying more ....
    but you are Perfumed...

    It has a nice very male woodsy,sandalwood,cedar chip scent.
    comforting in its dense forest aroma
    Its never overwhelming,
    It just sits close to the skin in a playful ... hide and seek manner one minute its there ... the next its not ... but reappears to reassure you.....and makes you want to keep smelling it.

    You can buy 80 ml of Iso E Super for $10.50 from ...www.thePerfumer'sApprentice.com
    Like I did .....and try this unique mysterious scent for yourself.

    Molecule 01 Eau de Toilette's bottle is not even Artistically Interesting to warrant the purchase of it at $135.00 a bottle.
    Sorry .... Mr.Geza Schoen.

    ReplyDelete
  23. Anonymous09:46

    can anyone help?? i've used mr schoen's molecule 01 a few times - i can't smell it ever,no-one else can, and no-one is mysteriously drawn to me. I've the rest of the bottle to get through!! how best to wear it - do i layer it with another perfume, if so which??? any ideas would be gratefully received:/

    ReplyDelete
  24. Sharm,

    I suppose some people are indeed anosmic to it. :/ It's something that has circulated as a rumour before.
    I suppose you could layer it with something, usually citrus or light florals go with everything (a violet leaf composition might also be just the thing), though I doubt you'd get much difference in the end result.

    If you're seriously thinking of not using it, why don't you mail me and we can discuss a way I might take it off your hands? (perhaps in exchange for something else I have that might be more to your taste?)

    ReplyDelete
  25. Anonymous02:50

    Thank you very much, think I'll try your suggestion to see if it'll work for me :)

    ReplyDelete
  26. Anonymous02:50

    Thank you very much, think i'll try your suggestion to see if it'll work for me :)

    ReplyDelete
  27. Anonymous18:14

    "Home-made mixes would suggest one part Iso-E Super to 10 parts base, such as dipropylene glycol/perfumer's alcohol (therefore a 10% concentration)"

    This would give a 9.1% concentration. A 10% concentration is made by mixing 1 part Iso E Super with 9 parts carrier, for 10 parts total (1:9, rather than 1:10).

    ReplyDelete
  28. Anon,

    true! Why was I thinking in nines? I must have been thinking of something else at the time.
    Corecting :-) Thanks!

    ReplyDelete
  29. It might be really nice to be able to buy the Georgywood, wouldn't it...?

    I guess I'll have to make do with the new Timbersilk then...

    ReplyDelete
  30. Anonymous22:08

    Does anyone know if it's tested on animals and if it's vegan?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. It is not using animal or animal derived substances, so vegan, but has been used in patch tests for skin tolerance on mice before. Not anymore though, since it's a well tested material.
      Hope this answers your question.

      Delete
    2. Anonymous01:58

      hi, when you say (use up to 10%) do you mean that you can dulate iso e super to 10% in solvent ?tnen use it ?

      Delete
  31. Anonymous23:07

    Did eternity for men have iso e super when it first came out

    ReplyDelete

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